astringent ②austere ③sour (look) ④stingy

Shibuya City (special ward of Tokyo)

reluctantly

kakishibu

to be reluctant (to do) ②to falter ③to have a frequent urge to defecate but difficulty passing stool

astringent persimmon

astringency ②austere elegance

inner, astringent skin (of a chestnut)

Shibuya-kei (pop music microgenre of the mid-late 1990s)

(stock market) steadiness

to grudge

to be unwilling to go out

reluctance to lend

bowel pains

kakishibu

tan (color)

removing the astringent taste (from persimmons)

strong or bitter (green) tea

paper treated with astringent persimmon juice

to be reluctant to sell

(traffic) congestion ②delay

bitterness ②bitterness and astringency

traffic congestion

congestion caused by a traffic accident

grimace

suffering

ambiguous

alleviation of congestion (esp. traffic)

congestion charge

huge (traffic) congestion

agonizing decision